Consultation with a biostatistician is key to developing a quality study. At the 2005 ASHP Midyear Clinical Meeting, Dr. James DeMuth identified the key steps in the statistical analysis in his presentation, "Basic Statistical Analysis" (Quality Practice Research, Part 3). Another good resource is a brief primer on descriptive and inferential statistics, entitled Statistics at Square One.
The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases provides insight into what grant reviewers are looking for in terms of statistical analysis. Read "Research Design and Methods: How Will You Deal With the Results?" here.